In Google Sheets, formulas are used to perform calculations and manipulate data. To use a formula, click on the cell where you want the result to appear, then type an equals sign = followed by the formula. For example, to add the values in cells A1 and B1, you would enter =A1+B1. Google Sheets supports a wide range of formulas, including basic arithmetic (SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX), text functions (CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT), and more complex functions like IF, VLOOKUP, and INDEX MATCH. You can also apply formulas to entire ranges of cells by dragging the fill handle (a small square at the bottom-right corner of the selected cell) across the desired range. Sheets automatically updates the formula references relative to each cell's position.

To collaborate on a Google Sheets document, click the “Share” button in the top-right corner of the screen. Enter the email addresses of the people you want to collaborate with and set their permissions (e.g., “Viewer,” “Commenter,” “Editor”). You can also generate a shareable link to provide access to others. Once shared, multiple users can edit the sheet simultaneously, with real-time updates visible to all collaborators. You can see who is viewing or editing the document by their colored cursor or avatar in the top-right corner. Use the “Comments” feature to leave feedback or discuss specific cells, and tag collaborators by typing “@” followed by their name or email address.

Organizing data in Google Sheets can make it easier to analyze and manage. Use the following tips for better organization:

1. Freeze Rows and Columns: Freeze the header row or important columns to keep them visible while scrolling through large datasets. To do this, go to View > Freeze and select the rows or columns you want to freeze.
2. Sort and Filter Data: Use the “Sort” function to arrange data in ascending or descending order based on specific columns. Apply filters by clicking on Data > Create a filter to show only the data that meets certain criteria.
3. Use Conditional Formatting: Highlight important data automatically by setting up conditional formatting rules. Go to Format > Conditional formatting and define the criteria, such as highlighting cells greater than a certain value.
4. Use Named Ranges: Assign names to specific cell ranges to make formulas easier to read and manage. Go to Data > Named ranges to create and manage named ranges.
5. Create Data Validation Rules: Ensure data consistency by setting up data validation rules. Go to Data > Data validation to restrict input in a cell to specific values, such as a list of options or a number range.